Analysis Of Factual Programming

Codes And Conventions of Factual Programming

Factual Programming is a genre of non-fiction programmes that are based on real life events and people. They are documentaries that inform, teach or give out some kind of important information. The genre of factual programmes has existed for a long time near to the early years of reality television but has expanded more than ever. Factual Programming can be made for different purposes for example they can be educational, real life (informative), serious and sometimes contain actual footage. The factual programming has many different sub genres underneath it and these are; Docu Drama, Docu Soap, Infotainment, Reality TV, Educational Television and Wildlife Documentary.

There are also specific conventions within the factual programming for example they may contain a montage, they also have presentational facts, hand held cameras and even opinions (bias).

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1. Docu-Drama

The first sub-genre I will be analysing is Docu-Drama this is a documentary-style genre that features re-enactments of historical events and tends to be very serious because they try to get a point across. This type of sub-genre can be written or filmed. A Docu-drama tries to adhere the historical facts and show what actually happened in the event, this tries to make it seem as real as possible by having certain elements for example some Docu-drama’s get the actors/actresses to mime the actual real voices, some Docu-drama’s use real life footage from the actual event and some use hand held camera’s. Some Docudrama producers choose to film their reconstructed events in the actual sites in which the historical events occurred. Also as I said some Docu-drama’s use the real life dialogue that actually was said in the real event in their Docu-drama and this is to make it more real to the historical event.

Cathy Come Home

The first example I have of a Docu-Drama is ‘Cathy Come home’. This Docu Drama is about homelessness and concentrates on a single mum ‘Cathy’ and her children. It is a 1996 BBC television programme played by Jeremy Stanford. This is an exampl of a Docu-Drama as it is presented as a drama as all the people play roles just like a normal drama/soap which has many different storylines but is still based around the the theme of being homeless. This programm is a good example of a Docu Drama as it shows the styles and conventions of a Docu Drama for example when it portrays the shot reverse shot, this clearly shows it is a Docu Drama as this uses the same camera but filming that particular part more than once and this also shows that they are playing a drama as they may sometimes over exaggerate an argument to make the drama more interesting. However the drama always relates to a meaningful storyline which is about being homeless which aroun those times was never shown to the world how bad it is.

The example I have given is a small clip of one section from a series. This clip shows how th Docu Drama uses the styles and convntions of having a real life situation happening but an actress re-acting it and with this Docu Drama it is more surreal as you can hear an over voice of the actual lady it happened to and the actress playing 'Cathy' is acting along with what th real life person is saying, so it is all as real as possible. Also the use of the camera during when the children are being taken off of Cathy makes it seem more real with the use of conventions by making the camera seem lik it is hand held this helps because it feels more real than having lots of different camera shots, this Docu Drama is not about looking nice it is about th real life situation. Cathy Com Home relates alot to the facts of the historcal event which is aout the lady Cathy you does a voie over. This alo shows that the storyline may not be fully correct but uses the facts to create a story line with some fillers. Cathy Come Home was an eent that happened particularly to a youg singl parent and this Docu Drama was to create it as a film.

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9/11 United 9

The next example I have for a Docu Drama is the TV Programm 9/11 United 93. This programme is a Docu Drama styled documentary-style programme as it features the dramatized and re-enactments of what happened at the stragic 9/11 terorist attack.  This is another example as it portrays exactly what happened at the real thing but just re-acts what happens with the simular styles and conventions of 'Cathy Come Home'. It uses the same technique of trying to make it all seem more real as the camera seems hand held, there are no shot types as it was trying to act like th camer was a passagener making it more emtional and engaging.

 

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Thirteen Days 
The last example of a Docu Drama that is created to be a drama but is  based on all the real facts f the historical event 'Thirteen Days. Thirteen Days is about the Cuban Missile Crisis of the 1962 and how America went to war and what happened behind the scenes. This film is very much so a Drama but is to show what really hapened at the historical event but with more drama's making it more intereting to watch. It uses some of the same styles and conventions as the other two example but it mainly used for the entertainmnt purpose and to go other what happend with the facts.

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  2. Reality TV 

The second sub-genre of Factual Programming is Reality TV this genre presents a show that is unscripted with humorous and serious situations. A reality tv show documents actual events with most of these programmes containing ordinary people  instead of proffesional actors/actresses. Sometimes these programmes have prizes or rewards for example Big Brother and Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here are both examples of reward Reality programme. Factual programmes tend to have not much camera work as the stuff that is being filmed is happening it does not get recorded more than once. In the most recent years it is seen that Reality TV programming has concerntrated on following celebs instead of ordinary people. Underneath displays a couple of codes and conventions that may be seen or included into different Reality TV Programmes:
-highly structured and edited
-wide ranging from game shows to ''fly on the wall' programming
contract characters and narratives

Runs House

My first example is the reality television series that is aired on MTV which portrays the family life of Run-D.M.C who was a former rapper/hip hop music pioneer. The back to back series shows the life of Run's family and their life style. The programme is called Runs House and documents his life as well as his children's; Joseph, Diggy, Russel, Vanessa, Angela and wife Justin. This is my first example as it is a very good example because the family are very well known and are all living day to days lives but being filmed this shows that the people you see in the series are not actors/actresses they are real people. All the narratives you see are all real and helps fans have more of an insight to their lives. Underneath shows one of the episodes from season four.

This series shows the codes and conventions of a reality TV programme through the cuts and different shot angle as their are no short reverse shots in the series because you'd either see one of the camera's or would have to film it again and as this is actually happening it can not be repeated. It looks as if throughout this series there are two camera's that film the family's day to day life and then edits the cuts together to make it looks more interesting and shows the close ups of the family's facials. This programme shows that the camera work is very simple either being a long shot, mid shot or close up shot as the main concept for the camera's is to make sure they film all the content. This also shows that the programme is also a real life programme as the camera operators may not know what will happen each day so when editing they put the most interesting parts into the series. It also shows that the programme is to inform the viewers what the family are up to, so it is informative to mainly the fans of Rev Run and for those who want to know what is always going on.
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Khole & Lamar

My next example of a Reality TV programme is the series that follows the married couple Khole and Lamar who are both famous in their own right. Lamar being a Lakers star and Khole being a Kardashian. The programme gives viewers the insight to Khole and Lamar's lives as the camera's follow them around in their home. This programme is almost the same as my first example because the programme is based for fans of the couple and documents what actually happens in their lives. This series uses the same codes and conventions as Runs house as it follows two celebrities. This also shows the conventions of only having one camera to film everything which is why their are not many cuts. The link is shown underneath.

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Big Brother

The next example I have of a reality TV show is the game show programme called 'Big Brother' this is a slightly different term of Reality TV show compared to my other two examples as all the celebrities in the house are leaving day to day lives with tasks being thrown at them as they all go head to head to win a cash prize. It uses the same codes and conventions as other reality TV shows however it does not use a camera operator the programme has set up cctv camera's around the house that film 24hours a day and then get edited together to show the viewers the best bits of the day. This is for entertainment purposes rather than informing viewers what the celebs are getting up to although they will be getting up to different things each day. Underneath I have shared the most recent series of the Reality TV show. It shows that there is not much camera work as it is all happening in the moment and that all the people are real and not actors/actresses acting to be someone they are not.

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3. Wildlife Documentary

 Another sub genre under factual programming is Wildlife Documentary and this is when a there is a natural history film or programme about wildlife, for example: animals and plans. This type of factual programming is mainly filmed footage from the animals or plans natural habitat, most of these types of documentaries are made as programmes. This programme focusses on teaching the viewers about the animals or plans; so it is very educational which leads to the mode of address being very serious as the programme wants to not only teach the viewers something but wants them to believe what is being said is true. Wildlife Documentaries also try to show you things you may not of known or seen before. As a stereotype of presenter or voice over these types of programming are mostly presented by white males who are in the middle class. They may also use some form of graphics to support their facts and make the viewers believe them more.

Deadly 60
The first example I have which I will talk in depth about is the Wildlife Documentary that is died on BBC and CBBC. This Documentary is called 'Deadly 60' and is where wildlife presenter Steve Blackshall goes to find the 60 most 'deadliest' animals to teach the viewers about them. He goes into their habitats and will often speak about why it is so deadly and get a close up of the animal in the camera. Underneath shows a short episode of one of his findings of an animal.

 This Wildlife Documentary showcases the Goliath Bird Eating Spider and is also filmed in the habitat of the spider. The documerntary uses the codes and conventions of making the programme very formative, this is seen when presenter Steve Blackshall talks about what makes this spider so deadly and probably tell's the viewers information they never knew before. The programme is very serious and and wants to be trust worthy which is why it uses graphics to support what steve is saying and present everything as facts making it educational for the viewers. It also lives up to the typical white male being presenter and being roughly in the working class. This programme most definatly comes across as a serious programme through the codes and conventions of using a voice over of Steve and also paling music in the background but the music being very serious and relating to the type of show we are watching. It also uses the style of an hand held camera as you can see the movement of the camera is very jerky because it wants to try and catch every moment and for a camera operator they would not know when the spider will come out as it is a live thing happening. The programme also tries to focus on those types of animals you may never of seen or heard about making it more helpful to the viewers and interesting because viewers would not want to learn about something they already know about. Wildlife documentaries like so are tended to be aimed at a particular audience being those if love nature as it is not a very interesting programme to those that don't care about wildlife.

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Blue Planet
My next example is the wildlife documentary seen on BBC and is called 'The Blue Planet', this is a BBC nature documentary series and is narrated by  a white male called David Aftenborough which fits into the typical presenter category. This wildlife documentary explores the same codes and conventions of 'Deadly 60' but is about the natural history of the world's oceans instead.  Each of the different episodes explore the different aspects of the marine life. The video I have shared is about the Blue Whale which is the biggest animal. The documentary contains the same elements as my first example being that it is educational, very serious and formal, uses a voice over to make it seem more serious and is also filmed footage of the animal in it's habitat. 

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Wildlife SOS
Wildlife SOS is another example of a wildlife documentary where Chris Tarrant a white male towards the middle class goes to different animals habitats and tries to sort out issues. Although the storyline is different from the other two documentaries it still has the same codes and conventions but displays them in different ways. The programme shows hoe Chris goes to troubled animals and the video I have shared shows a bird that attacks people as it is hungry and Chris goes to see whats wrong and also educates the viewer whilst doing so.

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4. Docu Soap

A Docu Soap is another sub genre of a Factual Programme and is a documentary that follows a group of people in their specialised profession as sometimes personal lives, this type of genre is very similar to a reality show like the examples I gave. This type of programme is real people and real life situations. This is not a scripted programme as it is real people and situations. Docu Soaps often are typically related to day-today business dealings. They also have certain codes and conventions these being cliff hangers, multiply storyline and drama.

Big Fat Gypsy Wedding

My first example of a docu soap is the series aired on channel 4 called 'Big Fat Gypsy Weddings' this is a British documentary about gypsies lives and how their weddings come together.The Documentary looks at the world of  gypsies and Irish Travellers in Britain Today. This programme does not consist of a presenter as it is all real life and is just hand held camera's following the gypisies around in their day to day lives. This comes under as a Docu-soap as being a Gypsy is there specialised profession from keeping their household name up high.

This sub-genre is very simiular to reality show's but follows people in their work ethic and for gypsies that are travelling. Big Fat Gypsy Weddings use the conventions of a voice over and this is mainly used when presenting the facts about gypises or any related topic. The point of view of this programme comes acrossed as bias in the sense that Britsh pedrestrains look at Gypsies in a bad way and throughout the series you see the gypsies talking about peoples preception of them. This is usually seen through box pops as a presenter who is not seen on camera askes a question and they reply. There are sometimes poor sound as the footage being filmed is all live and it is hard for the camera/production crew to adapt to this as it is live. This programme also uses the convention of having a structed narrative, although the programme is all live content and the producers do not control what happens they still have set idea's for example each different series will be based apon a different girl getting married with different issues. This is to make sure it is also still interesting for the viewers as it will become boring if the topic is the same. The programme also edits for the piecing together to make the presentional elements look good. The programme also uses graphics which is seen at the beginning of this video where they tell you what location they are at, this is to make it look more engaging.

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The Real World

My next example of a docu Soap is called 'The Real World' and is very similar to those examples in reality tv programmes but has any element of a docu-soap programmes. The programme is aired on MTV and has been the the longest running documentary show to be shown. The series looks at the depicting issues of contemporary young-adulthood relevent to its core audience. It looks at prejudice, sixuality aids and substance abuse as it tries to relate to those young people.

The video I have shared is a trailer of one of the series and it shows you how they are all living normal lievs but go through day to day tasks like seen in the video with animals. It uses the coventios of a factual programme when you see graphics when meeting each person, there are also graphs shown of the map which could be a way for the programme to present the facts.
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Traffic Cops

My last example of a Docu-Soap is a programme based on series called Traffic Cops. Traffic cops is a docuemtary series which is shown on BBC one and is where the camera's follow Bedfirdshire Police aroun as they tackle the traffic. Traffic cops gives an insight to the public what it is like to be a traffic cop and what is involves i.e in their day to day life of working, the programme is filmed with hand held camera's like most other fcatual programmes to help get all the footage espically when a car accident happens or something you will not have time to set up camera's etc.

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5. Infotainment 
The sub genre infotainment is a programme that is based around providing information as well as entertainment in ways to enhance its popularity with the audience and viewers. Most of today's popular fact-based television programmes can be classed as infotainment as they use entertainment to subject information to viewers for example things like Animal Planet channel could be classed as Infotainment. Most infotainment programmes have big personalities for example anchors that come on to speak about a specific topic that they know alit about and most of the time the presenter of these programmes will have lots of knowledge about the subject. The sub-genre can be classified as entertaining with journalism. One convention that can be seen in some Infotainment programmes is the dumbing of the audience making them feel dumb and patronising them.

Soccer A.M

My first example of an infotainment programme is Soccer a.m. Soccer AM is a British Saturday morning football based talk show that uses the mode of address of being very chatty and almost humorous. The programme is predominantly based on the Premier League and comes under infotainment as it give information about the football teams whether it's about individual players or about how a game went. As this infotainment programme is presented as a talk show it uses the convention of having a presenter but in this case we have two presenters who present the topics and the news/information. The show is aired on Sky Sports 2 as it is sport related and will have a narrow target audience so would not be appropriate for BBC1 and so on.

The video I have shared shows a small clip of the show and shows how they make the show more interesting to the viewer instead of just presenting facts as this can become boring to the viewer. The programme also uses specific conventions to also maintain viewers interest through by the use of music over the achieve footage of the football match which is seen towards the end of this video and this is to piece together to the meaning and in this case the music makes it seem more funnier and with the voice over with the two presenters laughing almost leads you to feel like it is funny. The programme also uses interviews with professional for example footballers and sometimes ex managers to get my knowledge and information out. The programme also uses archive footage that was previously filmed this is sometimes used for them to analyse or to support what they are talking about.

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Discovery Channel

My next example of an infotainment programme is the 'Discovery Channel' is a programme that focuses on the world and the video I have shared shows that, that particular episode is based on global warming and it's affects on people and society. This programme is based upon facts and sats and is the reason why it falls under the sub-genre of infotainment. The programme uses specific conventions to follow the type of programme it is for example at the beginning the viewers see a montage.

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National Geographic

My last example of a infotainment programme is the 'National Geographic' programme which looks at looks of different situations with live in today and the video I have shared is about the hardest prisons in America and talks about them and how they are using facts. This programme is a typical infotainment programme as it does not explore any of styles apart from just telling information about the chosen topic.

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6. Educational Television

The sub genre Educational Television is where the programme is education to the viewer. Educational Television can have different age audiences for example their are many different types of educational television programmes aimed at young children to help them learn about the simple things whereas there are also adult educational programmes for an older audience, which are mainly seen as very formal. An example of this type of Educational Programme for an older generation could be 'Open University' programmes on bbc. There are also loads of Educational Television programmes for children but are presented in a different way due the age difference and this can be seen through a specific moral behind the episode and the character that learned the lesson normally would speak about it at the end. There are two ways Educational Television can be presented and these are either being very factual and driven towards the straight topic that the audience will be learning about more so for the older generation than those with moral's and characters learning something through the story.

Barney and Friends
My first example of the sub-genre Educational Television  is s childresn children series Barney and Friends also knwon as Barney the Friendly Dinosaur.This programme is produced in the United States and is aimed at children between 1-8 and conveys the learning through the songs and small dance routines. This programme is an example of a factual programme as it teachers young children simple things during the course of the programme. 

The episode I have shared shows the programme teaching young children through the use of a song because the brother and sister was arguing, so barney is teaching the young viewers to talk to someone when they get angry before starting an argument and so on. He does this by repeating this phase ''I talk about my feelings when I'm mad'' this also shows as the programmes needs to looks good to get viewers interest there are a lot of shot angles and cut. It shows zooming in and out on characters when singing. The one thing you do not see is a shot reverse shot because although this programme needs a variety of shots to keep the viewers engaged. It uses the codes and conventions of an infotainment programme and it teaches the viewers something.
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Bill Nye the Science Guy

My next example of an infotainment programme is ''Bill Nye the Science Guy'' this is an educational television program that originally aired in 1993. The programme was spilt into episodes and each episode teaches a different topic related to science. This programme is slightly different to 'Barney and Friends' as it is aimed at a older target audience being teenagers so instead of teaching through a storyline as such it goes straight to the point at presents the topic he will be teaching and then does so. Bill Nyes programme also uses the styles and conventions of a voice over when having a montage, it also uses graphics when helping the viewer know what he is doing or wearing.

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Dora The Explorer 

My last example is another child's programme that aims to teach children about things and is called 'Dora The Explorer'. This programme is very similar to 'Barney and Friends' and is also an American animated television series that focuses on teaching young people about different countries and animals as each time she sets herself on a long journey to find something. Dora the Explorer teaches children also how to speak in different languages through a storyline so it very much so uses the same codes and conventions as Barney and friends.

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7. Special Interest Documentary

A special interest documentary is another sub genre of factual programmes but is not very popular anymore as this type of programme often has a small target audience as it will appeal to only those who have an interest in the programme. The programme demonstrates and guides the viewers through a complete topic and focuses it's attention on it. These type of programmes are more traditional as they use the traditional conventions like focussing each episode on a different storyline but still keeping in that same context about the interest for example cars. This type of documentary may also only be presented by one presenter but often knows a lot about the specific interest. As the programme will have a very small target audience as it will address just one particular thing for example 'cars' this will only have a audience base viewers that like cars which is why programme's like these do not hit the mainstream channels like BBC1, ITV2 and Sky1.  Top Gear

My first example of a special interest documentary is the programme 'Top Gear', Top Gear is a British television show about motor vehicles and is a very popular factual television programme. Although this programme does not use many of the traditional conventions it still passes as an interest documentary programme as it is specially aimed at those who like cars and the show always gives factual point about the different types of cars and so on making the target audience less. The interest documentary programme is almost presented like a magazine show and has elements of humour and sometimes a controversial style this is to make the programme more enjoyable to watch. The show is presented by Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May three men who know a lot about cars and therefore mostly will be associated with them. Although the programme has many hit viewers it is only broadcasted on BBC two. This programme shows that the show uses the studio layout as it wants to cover all footage that is happening because it is all live. The programme also use the cool and uncool wall to make it bait more enjoyable to watch whilst learning about cars.

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 Gok Wan: Cooks Chinese

My next example is the show presented by Gok Wan called 'Gok Wan:Cooks Chinese'. This is a special interest documentary as it has a small audience target which is those who love food. The show also shows that although the programme is specialised towards cooking food each episode will show you different types of foods Gok will cook within the Chinese theme. The programme shows that is uses some simple conventions for example having a presenter which is Gok Wan instead of him interviewing someone else cook he is actually is cooking.

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The Worlds Largest Snake

Another example of a programme that can be classed as a special interest programme is the documentary programme called 'the worlds largest snake' this show may be a special interest programme as it mostly only appeals to those who like wildlife and animals and may want to know and learn about them. The documentary may be very interesting but without wanting to watch it you will not like it. So it's one of those things you will only decide to watch it if you generally like animals or have a keen interest in snakes. The video shows just some of the documentary and how they use the conventions to make the documentary seem more interesting to watch.

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8. Make Over Show
Another Sub-genre of factual Programming is a Make Over Show which is a development of the reality tv genre but in thos show it's target is transforming people's likves for the better whether it's their physical appreance or their house. This show is real as the public people that get chosen are real and want change. The programme focuses on issues of an individuals life of family and it does this in each episode so every week their will be a different person or family they will be undertaking to make look better. It often takes a light hearted and a very positive tone towards the specfici issue's raised by the individual or family. For example this show will not see a presenter like Kemp Ross prenseting it as he is not reavy light hearted and will tell the person straight what is wrong with them rather than giving them confidence to look better.

60 Minute Makeover
The first example I have given for the sub-genre 'Make Over Show' is the show seen on itv1 called '60 Minute Makeover' and this show is about the transformation of someones house within the allocated 1 hour the team are given to do it in. The serious challenged is to redecorate a public person's house who put in for the show in 60 minutes. The house owner is usually nominated by a relative or friend for a secret visit by the team who remodel their house while away and do not get any say in what happens. So the show is about transforming someones house which can evidently change their life. The show is also filmed as entertainment to the viewers as they see what happens during the 60 minutes so the choices and actual making of things. 

The makeover show uses the codes and conventions to make it more engaging for the audience and when they want to get something important across for example in the video I have shared. It uses a voiceover when explaining and giving factual comments about the furniture and so on. This show that facts and presented through a voice over with music playing over the top making it sound and feel more believable. The show also uses a presenter who is Terry Fabrics and he knows a lot about the entire used as he created the whole look and pieced it together. You can see through the shot when the family are inside the bedroom that the camera's are hand held as they want to catch all the footage as they can as this is all live and cannot get the family's to react they emotions. Although the use of camera's are handheld the editing process does not look live as the cuts from shot to shot go very well with what the family's reaction is like which gives an insight that the editing is not live but is done to make the programme look more presentable and pleasing to the eye with the cut shots going with the music and rebounding from the comments from the family this is all to create meaning.

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Snog Marry Avoid

The next example I have of a makeover show is BBC's programme 'Snog Marry Avoid'. Which is a programme presented by Jenny Frost who is very opinionated about girls wearing lots of make up. Snog Marry Avoid is similar to the fist example I gave however it is not about  re-making a house it's about the re-make of individuals who wear a  lot of make up. The programme is a British reality TV show which focusses on transfroming 'fake' people who wear to much make up or have too many tattoo's into natural beauties. They do this by  giving them a make under in what is called 'pod'. 

     

This example show that the programme uses the typical conventions for example the voice over which is pod, the programme also has one main presenter, she also interviews the person who will be undertaking the make under. There are also mainly other conventions used in this programme for example music to set the mood of the scene for example when going to see the girls that wear a lot of make up the song relates to them. The show is clearly very bias and only likes natural girls as that is what the show is about.
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10 Years Younger

My next example is 10 Years Younger, this is also another make over show and is very similar to snog marry avoid as it targets an individual and gives them a make over for the better. 10 years younger is aired on channel four by female presenter Nicky who is almost in this field an expert, she knows how to put good looks together i.e when seeing her pick out the clothes and what will make the individual look better according to size and weight. This programme unlike the rest see's the experts who put together the individuals new look, you have an expert in hair, make up and in plastic surgery. The show shows you at the beginning  what the person looks like before with the public doing an age pole to tally how old the public think the individual looks. So the main point of this show is to make an individually look better than what they look at the first place(in age).

This video just some of the codes and conventions the programme uses these are a voice over when speaking about some important and mainly giving out factual information, it also has experts on the show and an example of this in the video is the lady who speaks about glasses it is clear she knows her knowledge in that field and therefore will win the public viewers over. The programme also uses a handheld camera which is seen from the different shots because if it was a static camera you would see it.

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9. Discussion
A discussion show is also another Sub Genre of a factual programme and is where a studio panel discuss things, these types of programmes often see experts on them so they know exactly what they are talking about and are specific to the topic,  this type of programme does not necessarily use a live audience. A discussion show is not an interview based show, this shows is primarily to discuss the big topics of today and is not to find out information from people like you would if being in an interview for example when seen on Piers Morgan's Life stories. Seeing as this is a discussion show the mode of address is thought to be very serious at times when discussing important/serious topics but does have its time of a little joke to keep the audience engaged. The show is often live or if not live the filming would of been live and the cuts will be mad after this is so that the topics being discussed are still up to date with reality.  The show is filmed like a studio set up with 3 camera's as they need to catch everything as everything that is being said would be live and not scripted this makes it important that the camera's do get all footage filmed, this also leads to my last point that discussion shows are normally based in studio's and are not outside etc.

Loose Women

 My first example of a discussion show is the programme called loose women, loose women is a British lunchtime television programme which falls under the sub-genre 'Discussion' as the panel of four women disucuss the big topics at that time. Andrea McLean is the main anchor of the show who mostly introduces the topics. The four women interview celebrities and discuss topical issues. These range from daily politics and current affairs to jsut celebrity gossip. 

The discussion shows many different codes and conventions to keep the audience interested as just having 4 women speak can become quite boring so they use things like interviews to break it up, this convention in seen in the video I shared as you see them interviewing Kelly Clarkson who is a female singer. The programme also shows the convention of having a montage to introduce Kelly Clarkson this just makes the opening for her look more extreme and catchy. The programme also uses the convention of having a presenter to present the different topics stories and so on. Although this is a discussion show and has 4 females their is one main presenter which is Andrea and I have said before. 

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Big Brother Bit On The Side

My next example is the follow up programme called 'Big Brother bit on the side', this is a programme that is the follow up of the reality TV show Big Brother and is where a panel of celebrities discuss what is going on in the house and what they think may happen. This discussion show is presented by Ella Willis and can no doubt be out under the discussion sub-genre as its main interest is to discuss what is going on in the house and the lastest gossip. Each time there is a new panel of famous people who discuss what they previously watched with the presenter always being the same being the person who brings up the topics to talk about. This particular show uses the conventions of bringing out experts to talk about specific things like an individuals body language. They also use music at the beginning of the show and this is to help the show seem fun and lively.

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Top Gear

My last Example is the famous programme that is aired on BBC two and is about different cars and is often seen where the presenters test different cars each weeks to find out information about each car. This programme can fall under the sub-genre of discussion as all three presenters discuss the different mechanisms within different cars whether being old or new. For example the video I have shared shows how they are discussing the car shown in the studio set up and to see how fast it will go.

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10. Chat Show

A chat show also falls under Factual Programming as it discusses everyday issues with those the normal people who normally would fall under the lower class. Chat Shows are primarily studio based set up to catch all the coverage so using the multi camera set up is most likely to be used in these types of shows. These types of shows are mainly designed to entertain the viewers by bringing out family's that will mostly result in conflict, the conflict may come through the results of a lie detector test or paternity test which are frequent tools being used on Chat Shows of today. Also as Chat Shows have a studio set up they most likely have an audience and they often lead the viewers to agree with them on their opinions. Chat shows often do follow up shows after looking back on how the peoples lives may have changed after appearing on the show.

Jeremy Kyle

My first Example is The chat show 'Jeremy Kyle' which is a very well known chat show through its mode of address. The show is shown on ITV programmes and is where presenter Jeremy Kyle brings in underclass.working class people to resolve issues. The show is based on confrontations in which guests attempt to resolve issues in their lives under different area's being family, relationships, drugs, sex, alcohol and so on. The guests that do appear on this show display very strong emotions towards other people in the situation whether is anger or discuss. 

This programme shows it uses the convention of having music to support the show for example at the beginning their is music over the top of the graphics creating that tension for what is about to happen, so the music in this case pieces together to create meaning with the viewer. The show also consists of a main presenter being Jeremy Kyle who is most clearly bias about a lot of the topics and normally sticks up for just one person although he may not not all of the situation apart from what he is being told, this leads the audience to agreeing with him. Jeremy Kyle also uses the convention of bringing out experts in that particularl field especially seen when the detector man comes out as he knows a lot about the tool and so forth.
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Cheaters

My next example is The chat show 'Cheaters' which is a very different style to the Jeremy Kyle show but still falls under the Chat show sub-genre as it is about the conflict between people through their problems. However this shows concentrates only on the cheating between relationships rather than anything like the Jeremy Kyle show it is still based upon the same thing the people who tend to be on this programme are underclass or working class and often result to some kind of conflict wether being physical or just through words. The show is slightly different as it does not have the same concept of having a studio set up most of it is filmed in a back of a truck where they catch the girlfriend or boyfriend cheating.  The show is an American based programme and still has the conventions of having one presenter.

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Jerry Springer

My last example is the chat show programme called 'Jerry Springer' and this chat show is extremely similar to the Jeremy Kyle shows as it portrays the same aspects of the type of people Jerry speaks to and the type of layout. The only difference between the pair is Jerry Springer's show is based in America instead and mostly goes to really bad conflict where there may be a physical fight which will hardly ever be seen on the Jeremy Kyle show. This show uses the same conventions of having a presenter, it also uses voiceovers to go back in time for example when there may of been a phone conversation that was saved.

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11. Magazine Show

A magazine show is almost like the other talk shows as it is studio based and usually consists of a presenter, unlike the other sub-genres that use the same set up this sub-genre is based upon facts and about giving out news to the viewers, sometimes they may bring on experts who will know much more about the topic. A Magazine show also consists of interviews maybe with celebrities and also will have a studio performance which can come from being live coverage or VT Packages. A magazine show has a tricky job to make sure it keeps the viewers unto date with the latest news and updates. Some magazine shows may stick to one topic per day of airing some may just tell you all the most important information at that time.

The One Show

My first example of a magazine programme is 'The One Show' which is aired on BBC One and is a typical magazine-style TV programme. It uses the conventions of having a presenter but in this case 'The One Show' uses two different presenters rather than just one. The presenters for 'The One Show' are Alex Jones and Matt Baker. The One Show is aired every monday to friday and is mainly based around thr news and the big topics. As the One Show is mainly based upon giving facts and talking about the news of what is happening that specific it uses simple conventions to display that this type of programme is very serious as they need the viewers to believe the news that are takling about.

The One Show uses the convention of using music at the beginning of the show when the montage is being playing the music over the montage creates that refreshing feeling as it is just an instrumental song which almost makes the show seem important. It uses this convention over the top of a montage which is also another convention seen and it more likely to be shown on programmes like this as it usually shows lots of little clips altogether to show the viewers what will be seen and spoken about later on in the show. The One Show also contains interviews with maybe experts or celebrities to break down the show into sections making it more interesting. It also may present facts through the interviews espically if the interviewee is an expert that can present facts about the topic. The one show may sometimes contain archieve footage of a interview they may of filmed previously or may use it in other ways for example when introducing an artist they may have previous filmed footage of them filmed by someone else.

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BBC Breakfast

My next example of a magazine show is the BBC Breakfast which is a magazine show aired on BBC 1 and is on in the morning. BBC breakfast is a British morning television news programme. It follows the same conventions as the The One Show as it has two presenters one male and one female being Bill Turnbull and Susanna Reid. The BBC Breakfast programme contains news about sports, businesses and the weather forecast. The BBC breakfast also uses certain codes and conventions to tie in with the theme of the magazine show being serious at points.They sometimes use achrive footage this is used when they do not make it to film the actual scene of the news .

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Day Break

My last example of a Magazine show is 'Day Break' which use to be called GMTV and is a morning show based upon news and sometimes gossip. The magazine show is also presented by two presenters and these are Christine Bleakly and Adian Chiles they talk about what is mostly going on this week just like the other two examples I gave of the magazine show. As they present the news and gossip in the moring they often have a different moide of address to those magazine shows that will be towards the midday. The programme uses the conventions of having interviews with artists and experts, it also has guest performances from different celebs this may link to one of the topics for example when you have an X factor winner perform they tend to have a topic about them and winning in a style of an interview with the artist. It alos uses the other conventions similular to the One Show with the use of music and voice overs. It also someones uses achrive footage when relating to different topics that they did not gtet the coverage for and sometimes for the weather for the to present.

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12. Review Show 

A review show is a a show that is mainly based upon a presenter trying out new products and actually physically getting involved themselves rather the just speaking about it. The presenter gets involved in very different ways depending and what the show's most focused topic is for example if it was very much about science and the presenter was a scientist they would understand what to do. A presenter can also be involved in ways like this where they have a voice over on achieve footage which comes across as a review. The review show is also very similar to the other shows I spoke about as it uses the same set up being a studio but may occasionally go outside for specific product testing and leading on to my last point these types of shows sometimes have interviews with experts within the field of that topic.

Pain Men-Balls Of Steel

An example of a review show is the show presented by the Pain Men, this shows how two men talk about the dangers of different things and then show you how these different day to day things can be dangerous, once telling the viewers how these things can be dangerous they then try it. For example they was an episode where they talk about what can be dangeroud at the olympics and they then prove it to the audience and how it can be dangerous.

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Gadget Show

Another example of a review show is the 'Gafget Show'. The gadget show is a British television series focusing on tecnology.
The Gadget Show (as of 2012 known as The Gadget Show: World Tour) is a British television series focusing on technology and is broadcast on Channel 5. Originally a thirty minute show, it was extended to forty-five minutes, then later to fifty five minutes. Repeats have also aired on the digital channels 5*, Dave (in edited down half-hour versions) and Channel 5's Internet on-demand service Demand 5. In Australia, it is aired on The Lifestyle Channel.